Which type of leukemia is characterized by the translocation of the Philadelphia chromosome?

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is specifically associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, which is a result of a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This genetic alteration leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CML by promoting uncontrolled cell growth and division. This characteristic molecular signature is critical for both the diagnosis and management of the disease, often guiding the use of targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

The Philadelphia chromosome is not typically associated with the other types of leukemia listed. For example, T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Promyelocytic Leukemia, and Acute Myeloid Leukemia have different genetic profiles and mechanisms, thus distinguishing CML as the specific type linked to this translocation.