Which tumor contains thyroid tissue and may result in hyperthyroidism?

Struma Ovarii is a rare ovarian tumor classified as a type of teratoma, specifically a mature cystic teratoma. It is characterized by the presence of thyroid tissue and can produce thyroid hormones, potentially leading to hyperthyroidism. This hyperfunctioning capability stems from the thyroid tissue within the tumor, which can synthesize and release thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, mimicking the physiological effects of an overactive thyroid gland.

The presence of thyroid tissue within Struma Ovarii differentiates it from other ovarian tumors, as it directly correlates with hyperthyroid symptoms such as weight loss, increased heart rate, and nervousness, among others. The clinical implications are significant, as management may require addressing both the tumor and the resultant hyperthyroidism, which could involve surgical resection or antithyroid medications.

In contrast, the other tumors listed do not contain thyroid tissue or have the ability to produce thyroid hormones. Dysgerminomas, for example, are germ cell tumors that primarily affect young women but do not have any thyroid tissue. Granulosa cell tumors are sex-cord-stromal tumors of the ovaries that typically produce estrogen but not thyroid hormones, and clear cell tumors are a variant of ovarian epithelial tumor