Which imaging feature is typical of Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS)?

Ductal Carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is characterized by distinctive imaging features that help in its diagnosis. One of the hallmark features of DCIS is the presence of multiple clusters of small, irregular calcifications observed on mammograms. These calcifications result from the accumulation of calcium in the breast tissue due to the pathological changes associated with the carcinoma. The irregularity and clustering of these calcifications are significant indicators of non-invasive breast cancer, especially in the absence of a palpable mass.

The development of these calcifications is a result of the altered architecture of the ductal structures in response to carcinoma, which differs fundamentally from invasive forms of breast cancer that may present as larger, solid masses. Additionally, while extensive necrosis and increased vascularity can be associated with more aggressive or invasive forms of cancer, they are not typical features of DCIS, which is localized and non-invasive in nature. Therefore, the presence of these small, irregular calcifications serves as a critical imaging feature for recognizing and diagnosing DCIS.