What chromosomal translocation is commonly associated with Follicular Lymphoma?

The chromosomal translocation commonly associated with Follicular Lymphoma is 14:18. This specific translocation leads to the swapping of genetic material between chromosome 14, which contains the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, and chromosome 18, which harbors the BCL2 gene. The result of this translocation is the overexpression of BCL2 protein, which inhibits apoptosis (programmed cell death) and contributes to the survival of B cells. This mechanism is crucial in the pathogenesis of Follicular Lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of follicle center (germinal center) B cells.

The association of this translocation with Follicular Lymphoma provides a cytogenetic hallmark that assists pathologists and clinicians in diagnosing and managing the disease. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of this lymphoma subtype helps guide targeted therapies that can disrupt the survival signals provided by BCL2, representing an important step in personalized treatment approaches for affected patients.