Medullary Sponge Kidney is primarily associated with which complication?

Medullary Sponge Kidney is a congenital disorder characterized by cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or more renal pyramids. This condition is most commonly associated with the formation of kidney stones. The cystic structures create an environment that can lead to the retention of calcium and other substances, which precipitate as stones.

Patients with Medullary Sponge Kidney often experience hypercalciuria due to the increased excretion of calcium, which is a significant risk factor for kidney stone formation. The stones can lead to obstructive nephropathy and potential complications such as urinary tract infections; however, the primary concern and complication tied to Medullary Sponge Kidney is indeed the formation of these stones. Hence, managing and monitoring for kidney stones is critical for individuals diagnosed with this condition.