Goodpasture syndrome involves antibodies targeting which structures?

Goodpasture syndrome is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that specifically target the basement membranes in certain tissues, primarily the glomeruli of the kidneys and the alveoli of the lungs. These antibodies bind to a particular component of the basement membrane known as type IV collagen, which is crucial for the structural integrity of these membranes.

The result of this autoimmune response leads to inflammation and damage in both the kidneys and the lungs, manifesting in conditions such as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. This dual effect on the renal and respiratory systems is a hallmark of Goodpasture syndrome, making the targeting of these specific structures essential to understanding the pathophysiology of the disease.

In contrast, the other structures listed in the options are not involved in Goodpasture syndrome. Neurons and synapses are associated with neurological conditions, gastric mucosa pertains to autoimmune gastritis, and cardiac myocytes relate to heart diseases. None of these conditions involve the autoimmune reaction seen in Goodpasture syndrome.