Cholangiocarcinoma is often linked to which dietary parasite in certain regions?

Cholangiocarcinoma, a type of cancer that affects the bile ducts, has a well-established association with liver flukes, particularly the species Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. These parasites are endemic in certain regions, especially in Southeast Asia. The lifecycle of liver flukes involves the consumption of contaminated fish, which can lead to the development of chronic inflammation and subsequent neoplastic changes in the biliary epithelium over time. This long-term irritation and persistent infection increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma.

In contrast, other parasites such as tapeworms, Giardia, and roundworms are not primarily associated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Tapeworms, for instance, may cause other gastrointestinal issues but do not typically lead to bile duct cancer. Giardia is a protozoan that primarily affects the intestines and does not have a direct link to cholangiocarcinoma. Roundworms, like Ascaris, also do not have a recognized connection to this type of carcinoma. Thus, the link between cholangiocarcinoma and liver flukes specifically highlights the importance of considering dietary habits and regional exposure to parasites in the epidemiology